This study explored the socio-economic impacts of the religious gathering in Moria on the surrounding communities. Moria is the head-quarters of the Zion Christian Church (ZCC), an entirely black denomination with millions of members from several African countries, formed in 1910 by the late Engenas Lekganyane. In a given year, the gathering takes place in April and in September, although attending services and spiritual consultations do take place outside these two main gatherings. In this highly spiritual context with a lot of activities that may not be comprehended by the common person, this research study is an attempt to gather information and give voice to the agents within the communities surrounding Moria themselves, and to present this evidence to policy-makers, business establishments and any other interested stakeholder in the tourism industry as an input to their strategizing and decision-making in relation to this massive gathering. The study was approached mainly from a qualitative approach and secondarily from a quantitative approach. In the field work, observations, informal interviews and two sessions of focus group discussions with agents from the business establishments located within 50km radius of Moria were conducted. The first observation method was executed before the gathering as a way of scanning the environment, and the second was done during the gathering and another a month after the gathering when activities in fuel stations were monitored. Informal interviews accompanied the first observation, while focus group discussions were a standalone. The findings of this research report are presented under five headings that were identified from the data gathered: a description of Moria and the surrounding communities; relations between the gathering and commercial establishments; determinants of business location; social impact of the gathering; and motorists utilizing fuel stations with and without the gathering. Using these findings we report that over and above being the supplier of spiritual food, the church is contributing towards employment, education and health. We argue that these contributions are vital as they have a great potential of reducing poverty, crime rate, and use of drugs that usually accompany the unemployed and the uneducated. The presence of the church without a doubt improves the rural-urban linkages. While most businesses report that they do not observe any significant change in their sales during the gathering, they do nonetheless respond to certain requirements of pilgrims to take advantage of the increased demand. The findings also suggest that the gathering triggers a ripple-purchasing effect from non-ZCC members of the community, where the report defines the ripple-purchasing effect as activities accompanying an event that lead people to be in a buying spree. For fuel stations in particular, the frequency with which motorists utilise their services is twice more during a week-end with the gathering. On the other hand, the report also highlights the reduction in sales observed by some hawkers during the gathering as a result of over-supply of commodities by business establishments who position themselves to supply only during this period. Moving beyond the socio-economic impacts of the gathering, the report provides the implications of the study for religious tourism in Moria, with a special emphasis on the potential of using the gathering to attract secular tourists as is the case with basilicas of Rome. Subject to the church’s approval, this may be achieved through collaboration between the church and the government and/or private sector. If well-orchestrated, this may bring benefits especially to tourism value chain business establishments such as accommodation, which are currently not benefiting at all from the gathering. Show less

This study explored the socio-economic impacts of the religious gathering in Moria on the surrounding communities. Moria is the head-quarters of the Zion Christian Church (ZCC), an entirely black denomination with millions of members from several African countries, formed in 1910 by the late Engenas Lekganyane. In a given year, Show more

This study investigated the customer service satisfaction levels of domestic tourists at accommodation establishments in South Africa. Service excellence is acknowledged as a key driver of bottom-line results and will enable South African accommodation service providers to deliver an unforgettable customer service experience to tourists. However, challenges highlighted in the NTSS include the poor culture of service, lack of service ethos and skills, inconsistent customer service delivery, exacerbated by poor leadership in these areas. Benchmarking against international service standards to provide tourists with excellent service is recommended. Show less

This study investigated the customer service satisfaction levels of domestic tourists at accommodation establishments in South Africa. Service excellence is acknowledged as a key driver of bottom-line results and will enable South African accommodation service providers to deliver an unforgettable customer service experience to Show more

The contribution of the tourism sector to the South African economy has been well documented. It is also well known that tourism impacts and benefits associated with the hosting of sporting events bolster economic development at the local level, it could be in an urban or rural milieu. For rural areas, sporting events can be a major generator of tourism since they attract many spectators from different areas. While both direct socio-economic and more intangible benefits of sporting events certainly exist, the presence of sporting events may bring with it some negative impacts as well. In South Africa, soccer is recognised as one of the country’s most popular sport codes. Because traditions of athleticism were a part of African societies, when Europeans came to the South African region, Africans adopted and adapted European sport. British colonial officials, soldiers, traders and missionaries introduced European sports to South Africa in the mid-1800s. They played sports such as soccer, cricket, and rugby and taught the games to the indigenous population. In the late 1850s, the African elite, educated at mission schools, adopted cricket, rugby and soccer, not only because they enjoyed it, but also as a symbol of their education and elite status. Missionaries, government officials, and mine owners at about that time encouraged or organized sport in an attempt to engage Africans in constructive activity, preventing them from what some white people at that time considered heathen, lazy, or destructive behaviour (such as drinking alcohol). In mining towns and industrial areas that arose in the late 1800s and early 1900s, sport (especially soccer) became an important social organization or association. At this time, the first black sporting organizations were formed. Furthermore, with the influx of soldiers who fought in the South Africa War (1899-1902), soccer and rugby were played by a wider group of people. Some sports soon became associated with certain races. For example, by the early 1900s, soccer became largely known as the “black sport” in most parts of South Africa. The game was easier to play for poor black people given that the only equipment needed was a ball and was promoted in most areas of the colony by missionaries. Rugby became more associated with white South Africans who were in positions of power in the colonial system. The British in general viewed soccer as a game for the lower classes, and rugby in South Africa as the game for the white people. Cricket, which became a popular sport in the country, was played primarily by white and Asian South Africans. Show less

The contribution of the tourism sector to the South African economy has been well documented. It is also well known that tourism impacts and benefits associated with the hosting of sporting events bolster economic development at the local level, it could be in an urban or rural milieu. For rural areas, sporting events can be a Show more

Tourism has recently been acknowledged as South Africa’s foremost money- spinner, job creator, and an effective tool for poverty alleviation. This study, on the basis of this assertion, seeks to determine the socio-economic impacts of rural tourism routes in KwaZulu-Natal on adjacent communities, through case study approaches to the three: the Zululand Heritage Route, the King Shaka Route and the Zululand Birding Route. The fundamental objectives of this study are to identify the nature of tourism routes and their impacts and the benefits accruing to the local communities. It was anticipated that the findings of this research study would help by revealing the extent to which local communities understand and participate in tourism development issues. Furthermore, the results of the research have the potential of benefiting rural tourism and uplifting the socio-economic status of communities adjacent to the routes. Show less

Tourism has recently been acknowledged as South Africa’s foremost money- spinner, job creator, and an effective tool for poverty alleviation. This study, on the basis of this assertion, seeks to determine the socio-economic impacts of rural tourism routes in KwaZulu-Natal on adjacent communities, through case study approaches Show more